Request pdf genetic structure and origin of busseola fusca populations in cameroon the cereal stem borer busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. Over 98 percent of maize farmers in africa are smallholders, growing maize on less than 2 ha of land and typically saving seed to plant. Dominant inheritance of fieldevolved resistance to bt corn. Chilo partellus is commonly known as the spotted stem borer. Fusarium ear rot and fumonisins in maize kernels when. Insecticides could greatly increase african maize yields international pesticide benefits case study no. Agriculture production and food and nutrition security in.
While transgenic maize has provided some transitory benefits to commercial maize farmers, the context for the vast majority of african maize farmers is quite different. Karonga chitipa kameme mixture of busseola fusca and faw purposive sampling karonga chitipa lufita 6 70 60. Further investigated the genetic substructuring of b. Background information, introduction, known distribution, description and biology, host crops and other plants, potential distribution.
Busseola fusca, the african maize stalk borer is also commonly known as the maize stem borer and sorghum stalk stem borer. Bjsseola of water contact as a factor terminating larval diapause in a stem borer, busseola fusca. A revision of the african species of sesamia guenee and related genera agrotidaelepidoptera. Ecology of the african maize stalk borer, busseola fusca. Prerelease evaluation 19941996 of the inherent susceptibility and postrelease assessments 19982011 of resistance status of b. Draft genome of busseola fusca, the maize stalk borer, a major. Factors inducing and terminating larval dia pause in a. Busseola fusca is a species of moth that is also known as the maize stalk borer.
Noctuidae is an important pest of maize in africa and can be effectively controlled by bt maize. Ebook almanaque do fusca as pdf download portable document format. The effect of resistant sorghum hybrids in suppression of busseola fusca fuller and chilo partellus swinhoe populations. After the larvae bore into the maize stems, they feed and grow within the stems for 23 weeks. Nderitub ainternational maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt,nairobi kenya. Biological control of cereal stemborers busseola fusca and. The batches are laid behind the vertical edges of leaf sheaths of pretasseling plants and also, but rarely, underneath the outer husk leaves of ears. Poisonous when absorbed through the skin or swallowed or inhaled. The stemborers chilo partellus and busseola fusca are major pests of subsistence cereal farming in africa. Populations in eastern and southern africa appear to be adapted to different environments from those in west africa. The effect of temperature on the reproduction and development of busseola fusca was studied under laboratory conditions.
Busseola fusca is resistant to cry1ab bt maize at many localities throughout the maize production region. In the eastern and southern parts of the continent, b. The maize stalk borer, busseola fusca, is an important lepidopteran pest of cereal crops in central, east, and southern africa. Identification of potential bt resistance genes signal transduction and immune system pathways identified for busseola fusca. Noctuidae stem borer busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. Damage caused by stemborers is one of the main causes of low yields 1. The largest group 12 species of injurious stem borers are crambids, with the ma. Monitoring resistance to bt maize in field populations of. Among the noctuids, busseola fusca and six sesamia spp. Changes in abundance gi, damage potential and activity ai, potential population growth of the maize stalk borer, busseola fusca, in maize production systems worldwide according to model predictions, using the gi a, b and the ai d, e for the years. Busseola fusca females oviposit a highly variable number from 100 up to 800 of round and flattened eggs in batches 18,23,24. Busseola fusca, chilo partellus, grass, refuge, stem borer. Pdf flight and oviposition behaviour of the african stem borer.
Noctuidae has been considered for long the most destructive lepidopteran pest of maize and sorghum in africa 1214. Biological control of cereal stemborers busseola fusca and chilo partellus in south africa page content the stem borers, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. Distribution maps top of page you can pan and zoom the map. Pdf genetic structure and origin of busseola fusca populations in.
Adults are pale brown the larvae feed on various grasses, as well as zea mays, sorghum and saccharum species. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Similarly, in west africa the maize stalk borer, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. Busseola fusca fuller, the african maize stalk borer. Sesamia calamistis, the african pink stem borer, is also known as the african pink borer of sugarcane, mauritius pink. The abundance and parasitism rates of preimaginal instars of the maize stalk borer, busseola fusca fuller, were studied for the first time in the ivory coast. Busseola fusca is the dominant maize stemborer species in the area abate et al. P t nearinfrared spectroscopic method to identify cotesia.
The effect of different maize genotypes on the maize stalkborer, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. Screening maize and sorghum genotypes for resistance to b. Busseola fusca is distributed widely throughout subsaharan africa. Pdf busseola fusca african stem borer researchgate. Busseola fusca, chilo partellus, sesamia calamistis. Combining ability among twenty insect resistant maize. Curriculum vitae university of nairobi personal websites. Noctuidae in kenya, african journal of agricultural and resource economics, african association of agricultural economists, vol. Stem borers were monitored at cedara kwazulunatal province, delmas mpumalanga province and brits northwest province, south africa. Much screening has therefore been against field infestations, often against complexes of different borer species. Brochure area covered by traps a group of 3 permanent maretrapsfunnel traps is sufficient to give an accurate idea of moth flights for a farm falling within an area not larger than ha which has no large ecological differences from. Pdf the effect of temperature on the development and. The maize stalk borer, busseola fusca, is an important lepidopteran pest of cereal.
Measuring the economic value of redistributing parasitoids. The maize stalk borer busseola fusca is a major pest of maize and sorghum. Africa for the control of busseola fusca since 1998. When the larvae are fully grown, they pupate and remain inside the maize stem. Combining ability among twenty insect resistant maize inbred lines resistant to chilo partellus and busseola fusca stem borers h. The objective of the present study was to predict the impact of temperature change on the distribution and abundance of the crambid chilo partellus, the noctuid busseola fusca, and their larval parasitoids cotesia flavipes and cotesia sesamiae at local scale along kilimanjaro and taita hills gradients in. Landscape composition overrides field level management. Pdf plant abandonment by busseola fusca lepidoptera. Monitoring resistance to bt maize in field populations of busseola. This article is an attempt to summarize the status of knowledge about economically important cereal stem borers in africa with emphasis on their distribution, pest. Screening and breeding for resistance to busseola fusca. Factors inducing and terminating larval dia pause in a stem borer, busseola fusca in western kenya takashi okuda international centre of. Noctuidae, is an important pest of maize and sorghum in subsaharan.
The landscape is dominated by smallscale annual crops in the east and is characterized by more complex mosaics of crop and noncrop patches in the west. Monitoring of cereal stemborers agricultural research council. However, the sustainability of this technology is threatened by resistance evolution, which necessitates the implementation of the highdoserefuge insect resistance management irm strategy. Sesamia calamistis, the african pink stem borer, is also known as the african pink borer of. Almanaque do fusca top results of your surfing almanaque do fusca start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Lepidopteran stem borers are among the most important pests of maize in east africa. While the focus is on the african maize stem borer, busseola fusca. Life cycle 3 weeks shorter than busseola only 34 weeks.
Indigenous to africa migrated from wild hosts to crops. Box 30, mbita, kenya abstract identification of factors regulating diapause induction and termination was attempted with. Agriculture production and food and nutrition security in malawi. Insecticides could greatly increase african maize yields. Icipe has found that intercropping maize with the fodder legumesdesmodium uncinatum silver leaf and d. Busseola fusca pdf busseola fusca exhibits oligophagous feeding behavior on host plants belonging to the family poaceae. Measuring the economic value of redistributing parasitoids for the control of the maize stemborer busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera.
Pdf the african stem borer, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Pdf busseola fusca background information, introduction, known distribution, description and biology, host crops and other plants. Busseola fusca lays its eggs between the stem and leafsheath, whereas chilo partellus lays its eggs on the leaf surface in the form of egg batches figures 5 and 6. Distributor for products for forest insect pests in canada and us except colorado. Transcriptome and differentially expressed genes of busseola. Combining ability among twenty insect resistant maize inbred. Draft genome of busseola fusca, the maize stalk borer, a. Moth populations of busseola fusca were monitored with synthetic sex pheromone traps, while larval populations of the two stem borer species were monitored by scouting maize and grain sorghum fields.
Control of the sorghum stem borer, busseola fusca, by partial burning of the stalks. Genetic structure and origin of busseola fusca populations in. Predicting the impact of temperature change on the future. First whole transcriptome analysis of busseola fusca busseola fusca defence against cry1ab toxin. Single malefemale pairs were confined to oviposition chambers kept at 15, 20, 26 and 30 1c and a 14l. Evaluation of four cropping systems in the control of maize stem borers and the effects on maize growth and grain yield. The efficacy of carbofuran 100 gr may be adversely affected, when used in alkaline, brackish, or soils of high ph above ph 7. Pyralidae, are the most important pests of maize and grain sorghum in south africa. Volatiles released by two cultivated hosts, sorghum and maize sorghum bicolor and zea mays, and two wild grass hosts, pennisetum purpureum and hyparrhenia tamba, were collected by air entrainment. Journal of the entomological society of southern africa, 481. Despite the huge amount of information about its management, this pest still represents a major constraint to maize production in areas where it is abundant. Noctuidae is a species endemic to subsaharan africa. Noctuidae is an important pest of maize and sorghum in subsaharan africa.
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